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@#Hepatitis B (HB) is an upcoming health issue in Malaysia. Even though the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) for HB vaccination implemented by the Malaysia government in 1989, individuals born before 1989 were not covered under the EPI and should immunised against the HB virus. Examining the Malaysians’ perception of vaccination is very important in order to determine their behaviour regarding HB vaccination. Most of the studies only gave priority to analysing this issue from an occupational risk perspective, consumers’ perceptions of the HB vaccination are still lacking. This study is aimed at assessing the validity and reliability of the Malay version of the perception questionnaire used for Malaysian households. A pilot study involving 300 respondents was conducted in six districts in the Selangor area. Factor analysis constructed four components: perceived sustainability, perceived severity, perceived benefit and perceived barriers loaded on the corresponding component with factor loading of more than 0.5. Principal component analysis of the finalised 13 items explained the instrument of the variance, which was 59.7% in total, 20.3%, 14.5%, 12.5% and 12.4% explained by the four constructs. The Cronbach alpha for the items instruments is 0.5 to 0.8 which shows that moderate internal consistency exists and demonstrates reliability of the questionnaire. The frequency of the four constructs shows that most of the respondents worry about getting infected with HBV, the perceived severity level is high among respondents, they perceived benefit from getting an HB vaccination and perceived low barriers to getting the HB vaccination.
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To assess healthcare workers' knowledge of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the early phase of the outbreak in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 hospitals in Indonesia from March 6 to March 25, 2020. Healthcare workers' knowledge on COVID-19 was assessed, and demographic data, workplace characteristics, and medical professional characteristics as well as the current local situation of COVID-19 were collected. To characterize determinants associated with knowledge, a logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: Out of 288 healthcare workers who completed the interview-assisted questionnaire, 149 (51.7%) respondents had a good knowledge. Nurses and other types of healthcare workers had lower odds of having good knowledge compared to doctors: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.38; 95% CI: 0.20-0.72 and aOR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13-0.73, respectively. Compared to healthcare workers who had medical practice experience less than 5 years, those who had worked for more than 10 years had lower knowledge (aOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20-0.90). Healthcare workers who worked in the infection department had higher knowledge compared to those in the emergency room (aOR: 14.33; 95% CI: 3.67-55.88). Conclusions: The knowledge of COVID-19 among surveyed healthcare workers was relatively low. The COVID-19 response in Indonesia will require further education and enhancement of the capacity of healthcare workers in the emergency room where COVID-19 patients may be treated the earliest.
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Objective To assess the knowledge on Zika virus infection among healthcare providers (doctors) in Aceh province, Indonesia. Methods A self-administered internet based survey was conducted from 3 May to 3 June 2016 among the members of doctor organizations in Aceh province. A set of validated, pre-tested questionnaire was used to measure knowledge regarding Zika infection and to collect a range of explanatory variables. A two-steps logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association of participants' demographic, workplace characteristics and other explanatory variables with the knowledge. Results A total of 442 participants included in the final analysis and 35.9% of them (159) had a good knowledge on Zika infection. Multivariate model revealed that type of occupation, type of workplace, availability of access to medical journals and experience made Zika disease as differential diagnose were associated with knowledge on Zika infection. In addition, three significant source of information regarding Zika were online media (60%), medical article or medical news (16.2%) and television (13.2%). Conclusion The knowledge of the doctors in Aceh regarding Zika infection is relatively low. Doctors who have a good knowledge on Zika infection are more confident to established Zika disease as differential diagnosis in their clinical setting. Therefore, such program to increase healthcare providers' knowledge regarding Zika infection is needed to screen potential carriers of Zika infection.
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OBJECTIVE@#To assess the knowledge on Zika virus infection among healthcare providers (doctors) in Aceh province, Indonesia.@*METHODS@#A self-administered internet based survey was conducted from 3 May to 3 June 2016 among the members of doctor organizations in Aceh province. A set of validated, pre-tested questionnaire was used to measure knowledge regarding Zika infection and to collect a range of explanatory variables. A two-steps logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the association of participants' demographic, workplace characteristics and other explanatory variables with the knowledge.@*RESULTS@#A total of 442 participants included in the final analysis and 35.9% of them (159) had a good knowledge on Zika infection. Multivariate model revealed that type of occupation, type of workplace, availability of access to medical journals and experience made Zika disease as differential diagnose were associated with knowledge on Zika infection. In addition, three significant source of information regarding Zika were online media (60%), medical article or medical news (16.2%) and television (13.2%).@*CONCLUSION@#The knowledge of the doctors in Aceh regarding Zika infection is relatively low. Doctors who have a good knowledge on Zika infection are more confident to established Zika disease as differential diagnosis in their clinical setting. Therefore, such program to increase healthcare providers' knowledge regarding Zika infection is needed to screen potential carriers of Zika infection.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore and understand the attitude towards dengue vaccination and its modifiable determinants among inhabitants of Aceh (northern Sumatra Island, Indonesia), the region that was most severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004.@*METHODS@#A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 535 healthy inhabitants in nine regencies (Kabupaten or Kotamadya) of Aceh that were selected randomly from November 2014 to March 2015. A set of validated, pre-tested, structured questionnaires was used to guide the interviews. The questionnaires covered a range of explanatory variables and one outcome variable (attitude to dengue vaccination). Multi-step logistic regression analysis and Spearman's rank correlation were used to test the role of explanatory variables for the outcome variable.@*RESULTS@#More than 70% of the participants had a poor attitude towards dengue vaccination. Modifiable determinants associated with poor attitude to dengue vaccination were low education level, working as farmers and traditional market traders, low socioeconomic status and poor knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever (P < 0.05). The KAP domain scores were correlated strongly with attitude to dengue vaccination, rs = 0.25, rs = 0.67 and rs = 0.20, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found that independent predictors associated with attitude towards dengue vaccination among study participants were only sex and attitude towards dengue fever (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study reveals that low KAP regarding dengue fever, low education level and low socioeconomic status are associated with a poor attitude towards dengue vaccination. Therefore, inhabitants of suburbs who are working as farmers or traditional market traders with low socioeconomic status are the most appropriate target group for a dengue vaccine introduction program.
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Objective To explore and understand the attitude towards dengue vaccination and its modifiable determinants among inhabitants of Aceh (northern Sumatra Island, Indonesia), the region that was most severely affected by the earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004. Methods A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 535 healthy inhabitants in nine regencies (Kabupaten or Kotamadya) of Aceh that were selected randomly from November 2014 to March 2015. A set of validated, pre-tested, structured questionnaires was used to guide the interviews. The questionnaires covered a range of explanatory variables and one outcome variable (attitude to dengue vaccination). Multi-step logistic regression analysis and Spearman's rank correlation were used to test the role of explanatory variables for the outcome variable. Results More than 70% of the participants had a poor attitude towards dengue vaccination. Modifiable determinants associated with poor attitude to dengue vaccination were low education level, working as farmers and traditional market traders, low socioeconomic status and poor knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue fever (P < 0.05). The KAP domain scores were correlated strongly with attitude to dengue vaccination, rs = 0.25, rs = 0.67 and rs = 0.20, respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found that independent predictors associated with attitude towards dengue vaccination among study participants were only sex and attitude towards dengue fever (P < 0.001). Conclusions This study reveals that low KAP regarding dengue fever, low education level and low socioeconomic status are associated with a poor attitude towards dengue vaccination. Therefore, inhabitants of suburbs who are working as farmers or traditional market traders with low socioeconomic status are the most appropriate target group for a dengue vaccine introduction program.
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Background: Single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] within tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] gene promoter [-308G/A TNFA] is associated with higher gene expression. The role of this SNP as a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth has been assessed in some regions and the findings were significantly different between race and ethnic groups
Aim: To provide the scientific evidence whether allele A within SNP -308G/A TNFA promoter is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth among Acehnese ethnic or not
Subjects and methods: In this case-control study, the genotypes of SNP -308G/A TNFA among 40 patients with spontaneous preterm birth and 40 patients with term birth were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]. The concentrations of TNF-alpha from blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]. The differences in genotype distributions, dominant and recessive models, and allele frequencies between case and control groups were analyzed with Chi-squared test. Deviation of genotype frequencies from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium [HWE] was assessed by Fisher's exact test
Results: This study found that the concentration of TNF-alpha between preterm and control groups was not statistically different, 5.5 +/- 2.9 mg/dL vs. 10.1 +/- 17.9 mg/dL, p = 0.112. The level of TNF-alpha had no strong association with either genotype distribution or allele frequency of SNP -308G/A TNFA. Furthermore, there was no association between mutant genotypes and spontaneous preterm birth [OR: 0.32; 95%CI: 0.08-1.33, p = 0.096] and between mutant allele and spontaneous preterm birth [OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.09-1.37, p = 0.105]
Conclusion: SNP -308G/A TNFA is not associated with spontaneous preterm birth in Acehnese ethnic group
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Humans , Female , Adult , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , Polymorphism, Genetic , Ethnicity , Case-Control Studies , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] - 148C/T which is located in fibrinogen gene [FGB] promoter has correlation with fibrinogen levels; however, the association of SNP 148C/T and ischemic stroke in young adult patients is contradictory. To determine the association of SNP 148C/T in FGB promoter with plasma fibrinogen levels and ischemic stroke in young adults. In this case-control study, SNP -148C/T among 107 ischemic stroke patients and 94 controls were evaluated by PCR-RFLP with restriction enzyme Hindlll and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Physical and neurological examinations, brain computed tomography, plasma fibrinogen levels and blood biochemistry tests were assessed within seven days after the onset of symptoms. Genotype distributions and allele frequencies were analyzed by chi-squared test. This study found that the level of fibrinogen was significantly higher in ischemic stroke group than control [419.2 mg/dL vs. 351.1 mg/dL, p < 0.000] and the level of fibrinogen associated with ischemic stroke [OR, 2.28; 95%CI, 1.28-4.07,p = 0.005]. Mutant genotypes [CT and TT] and T allele had a significant association with hyperfibrinogenemia [OR, 2.58; 95%CI, 1.39-4.76 and OR, 1.6; 95%CI, 1.60-2.41, respectively] and ischemic stroke [OR, 2.46; 95%CI, 1.37-4.41 and OR, 1.80; 95%CI 1.19-2.73, respectively]. In addition, analysis adjusted for other risk factors found that mutant genotypes correlated with hyperfibrinogenemia and ischemic stroke [OR, 2.27; 95%CI, 1.21-4.25 and OR, 2.16; 95%CI, 1.19-3.94, respectively] There was a significant association between SNP ---148C/T and fibrinogen levels, SNP -148C/T and ischemic stroke, and fibrinogen levels and ischemic stroke
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Several epidemiology studies suggest that host genetic factors play important roles in susceptibility, protection and progression of tuberculosis infection. Here we have reviewed the implications of some genetic polymorphisms in pathways related to tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development. Large case-control studies examining single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in genes have been performed in tuberculosis patients in some countries. Polymorphisms in natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 [NRAMP1], toll-like receptor 2 [TLR2], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], IL-10, vitamin D receptor [VDR], dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin [DC-SIGN], monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], nucleotide oligomerization binding domain 2 [NOD2], interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], mannose-binding lectin [MBL] and surfactant proteins A [SP-A] have been reviewed. These genes have been variably associated with tuberculosis infection and there is strong evidence indicating that he genetic factors play critical roles in tuberculosis susceptibility, severity and development
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Polymorphism, Genetic , /blood , /blood , /bloodABSTRACT
Recurrent urinary tract infection [UTI] is common among young women and one of its risk factors is genetic. Polymorphisms in promoter region [G-800A [rs 1800468] and C-509T [rsl800469]] of transforming growth factor-[beta1 [TGF-beta1] gene play pivotal roles in several infection diseases but the association of these polymorphisms with recurrent UTI remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of TGF-beta1 G-800A and C-509T polymorphisms with recurrent UTI in young women. TGF-beta1 G-800A and C-509T polymorphisms among 34 recurrent UTI patients and 34 healthy subjects, aged 15-50 years old, were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] and confirmed by DNA sequencing. At position -800, genotypes showed no significant differences between recurrent UTI patients [GG 97.1%; GA 2.9%; AA 0%] and normal control [GG 97%; GA 0%; AA 2.9%] young women. Dominant and recessive model analyses did not find significant correlation between recurrent UTI patients and normal control young women. At position -509, allelic and genotypic frequencies showed no significant differences between recurrent UTI patients [CC 20.6%; CT 61.8%; TT 17.7%] and control individuals [CC 2.9%; CT 73.6%; TT 23.5%]. This study found that there is no strong correlation between polymorphisms of TGF-beta1 G-800A and C-509T and recurrent UTI
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Humans , Female , /blood , Female , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
Background: The aim of this study was to identify the level of stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) among health care workers (HCWs) and the factors that influenced these attitudes. Methods: This research was conducted at Dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was adopted for this research. Eighty nine HCWs were included in this study and they were selected purposively. Correlation analysis, analysis of variance and independent sample t test analysis was used according to the type of data. Finally, a multiple linear regression model was used to identify the predictor factor for stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes. Results: We found that the level of stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes was high. Bivariate analysis showed that type of HCW, education, marital status, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV and irrational fear of HIV transmission were significant related with stigmatized attitudes (p < 0.05). Type of HCW, marital status, age, knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV and irrational fear of HIV transmission indicated significant (p < 0.05) differences in the levels of discriminatory attitudes. A multiple linear regression model identified type of HCW and irrational fear of HIV transmission correlated with stigmatized attitudes (R2 = 0.230) and knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV correlated with discriminatory attitudes (R2 = 0.119). Conclusion: Irrational fear of HIV transmission and type of HCW are significant predictors to stigmatized attitudes; knowledge on transmission and prevention of HIV is a predictor to discriminatory attitudes towards PLHIV among HCWs.
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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , HIV Infections , Social StigmaABSTRACT
Exposure to the dengue virus CDENV [evokes a variety of genetically controlled immunological vesporses. Geneti c variants involued in viral enry, replication and innate immunity path wasys play an important role in the causal pathway of dengue hemorrhagic fever/ dengue shoch syndrome DHF/DSS]. Here we have reviewed implications of some genetic polymorphisms of the pathways related to DENV infection susceptibility, protection and severity. Large case-control studies examining a variety of single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in a variety of genes have been performed in DENY patients in some countries. SNP gene candidates that have shown associations with DENV infection are mannose-binding lectin [MBL], interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 [CTLA-4], tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, transforming growth factor [TGF]-beta1, Fc gamma receptor II [FcgammaRII], vitamin D receptor [VDR], interferon [IFN]-gamma, human platelet antigens [HPA], transporters associated with antigen processing [TAP], dendritic cell-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin [DC-SIGN] and Janus kinase 1 [JAK1], although some of these genes failed to show statistical significance. Briefly, polymorphism in TNF-alpha, Fc gamma RII, CTLA-4, TGF-beta1, HPA, DC-SIGN, TAP and JAK1 genes has been associated with DHF/DSS development. Polymorphism in MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with thrombocytopenia and increased risk of DHF development. In contrary, polymorphism in VDR gene shows moderate associations with resistance to the most severe form of DHF. However, neutral associations have been reported for IL-4 promoters, IL-1RA, IFN-gamma, IL-6, TLR4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism. In conclusion, there are strong evidences from several epidemiological studies indicating host genetic factors as important components in DENV infection susceptibility, protection and severity